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Distinguishing Hay Fever from Colds & Flu

24 Sep 2025

Recognising the signs – Distinguishing hay fever from colds, flu and other respiratory issues common among older Australians

As we age, our bodies can become more sensitive to environmental triggers and slower to recover from common illnesses. For many older Australians, runny noses, sneezing, watery eyes and fatigue may be familiar frustrations – but knowing whether the cause is hay fever, a cold, flu or another respiratory issue is essential to managing symptoms effectively and avoiding unnecessary complications.

Hay fever

Also called allergic rhinitis, hay fever is triggered by pollen, dust, mould or animal dander. Symptoms include frequent sneezing, itchy or watery eyes and a clear runny nose. These tend to flare up in particular seasons or after exposure to allergens. Unlike colds or flu, hay fever does not cause fever, body aches or the deep fatigue that often accompanies viral illness. If your symptoms improve when you stay indoors or after taking an antihistamine, hay fever is the likely culprit.

The common cold

The common cold is caused by a virus and usually lasts about a week. Typical signs include a sore throat, blocked nose, mild fatigue and sometimes a slight cough. While it can be uncomfortable, colds usually resolve without treatment beyond rest, fluids and over-the-counter remedies.

Influenza

Influenza (the flu) is more severe and can be dangerous, particularly for seniors. Symptoms often appear suddenly and may include high fever, body aches, chills, significant fatigue, cough and sometimes chest discomfort. Unlike hay fever, flu symptoms are systemic – affecting the whole body rather than just the nose and eyes. Annual flu vaccinations are strongly recommended for older Australians.

Other respiratory conditions

Other respiratory issues such as asthma, bronchitis or even COVID-19 can also mimic these conditions. Shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness or a persistent cough should never be ignored. Seniors with underlying health conditions may be at greater risk of complications, making it vital to seek medical advice if symptoms linger or worsen.

When to seek help:

  • If symptoms include fever, severe fatigue or chest pain.

  • If breathing becomes difficult or wheezing occurs.

  • If cold or flu-like symptoms persist beyond 10 days without improvement.

Understanding these differences can help you take the right steps – whether that means antihistamines for hay fever, rest and fluids for a cold, or medical attention for flu and other respiratory concerns. When in doubt, consult your GP. A timely diagnosis not only brings peace of mind but also helps maintain your health and wellbeing through every season.

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Natural ways to ease hay fever

While antihistamines and sprays are common treatments, you can also find relief through natural approaches. Saline nasal rinses can help flush out allergens and clear congestion. A warm shower after being outdoors removes pollen from skin and hair. Keeping windows closed on high-pollen days and using air purifiers reduces indoor triggers. Herbal teas such as chamomile or peppermint may soothe irritated sinuses, while local honey is sometimes believed to help the body adapt to pollen. Always discuss natural remedies with your GP, especially if you take other medications.